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Accounting encyclopedia · Financial statements

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable is money customers owe a business for sales made on credit. It is generally recorded as an asset, while an aged receivables report groups unpaid amounts by how long they have been outstanding. A receivable is a claim to payment, rather than cash already available to spend.

A sale can come before the cash

Receivables track customer amounts that remain to be collected.

Visual labels: Invoice issued; Amount outstanding; Customer pays.

Read the age as well as the total

A total of $25,000 tells you less than the invoices behind it. Recent invoices within agreed payment terms create a different collection task from old balances under dispute. Review customer names, invoice dates, due dates, credits and payments not yet allocated.

An aged report is useful only when the underlying records are current. Duplicate invoices and unallocated receipts can make a customer appear to owe more than they actually do.

Why sales do not guarantee cash

Suppose a business completes a $6,000 project and issues an invoice with payment due later. The sale may be reflected in the accounts before the money arrives. Meanwhile, wages and suppliers still need to be paid. A profitable project can therefore create a temporary funding need.

Agree on invoicing milestones and follow-up responsibilities. Resolving a missing purchase-order number promptly may be more useful than sending the same reminder several times.

Questions worth asking

Which balances are overdue, disputed or unlikely to be collected? Are deposits and credit notes recorded correctly? Do customers have clear payment instructions? Ask your accountant how doubtful balances should be treated rather than deleting old invoices to tidy the report.

Compare receivables with the cash-flow forecast. Collection dates are assumptions, so record when they change and plan for delays on larger customer balances.

Sources & editorial notes

Sources checked October 23, 2026. The examples are illustrative and provide general information. Discuss how the guidance applies to your circumstances with your accountant.

Rules and guidance can change. Use the current official source and confirm the treatment for your facts. To flag an error, contact Sora.